英語基礎(chǔ)知識有哪些?
一、一個星期七天
Sunday、Monday、Tuesday、Wednesday、Thursday、Friday、Saturday。
二、一年十二個月
January、February、March、April、May、June、July、August、September、October、November、December。
三、一年四季
spring、summer、autumn、winter。
四、容易拼寫錯的數(shù)字
eighth、ninth、forty、twelfth、twentieth。
五、親屬稱呼
daughter(女兒)、niece(女性晚輩)、nephew(男性晚輩)、cousin(同輩兄伏粗弟姐妹)、缺春鎮(zhèn)aunt(女性長輩)、uncle(男性長森洞輩)。
5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識
5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識
宏前御零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)英語,大家要學(xué)好語法知識,下面5大基礎(chǔ)英語語法知識,你能記住多少?一起來看看。
名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane
6. 不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
名詞的格 (1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’蔽巖s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
(2)表示無生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
不定冠詞,定冠詞種類 1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開頭的可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the
悔攜 the egg the plane
2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk
(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況 (1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
語法知識三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于在周末的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas?而不說on Christmas?
2)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。
3.in
1)表示時段、時期,在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
動詞的四種時態(tài) (1)一般現(xiàn)在時:
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study C studied carry C carried worry C worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing C sang , eat C ate ,
see C saw , have C had , do C did , go C went , take C took , buy C bought , get C got , read C read ,fly C flew , am/is C was ,
are C were , say C said , leave C left , swim C swam , tell C told , draw C drew , come C came , lose C lost , find C found , drink C drank , hurt C hurt , feel C felt
(3)一般將來時:
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.
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